The ruins of Babylon and Nineveh, the pillars of Adaram in the Najd desert, Egypt’s pyramids, and Bamiyan’s statues spark curiosity about their creators. Attempts to chronicle Babylonian history rely on incomplete traditions. Egyptian hieroglyphs and inscriptions provide some insight into the builders of the pyramids. Texts like the Zend-Avesta, Vedic scriptures, the Bible, Ramayana, and Mahabharata offer partial, often unreliable, accounts. Proverbs, stone tools, metal artifacts, statues, mummies, Ashoka’s pillars, Ellora’s caves, Sarnath’s idols, Persepolis’ ruins, and China’s Great Wall collectively provide faint historical glimpses, though not comprehensive illumination.
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Hindu myths, Egyptian inscriptions, Chinese traditions, Persian ruins, Greek writings (notably Herodotus), Jewish narratives, and Arab traditions form the foundational elements of history. The conquests of Alexander the Great mark a clearer historical period, with less discontinuity. While studying Greece, Egypt, and Persia delights historians, India’s historical opacity frustrates them, as its people often blended myth with truth. In contrast, Arabia’s commitment to accurate traditions, genealogies, and precise event narration stands out, making its pre-Islamic traditions a valuable historical resource.
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