Humans, as the noblest of creation, are naturally inclined to follow a superior being, guiding them toward monotheism and away from false deities. Satan’s greatest deception was convincing humans to prioritize lineage over merit for leadership, leading to unqualified heirs assuming power and oppressing the worthy. This error caused widespread chaos, which Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) rectified by demonstrating ideal governance. His Companions, trained in his teachings, selected the most qualified leaders, breaking the tradition of hereditary rule. Abu Bakr’s selection of Umar and Umar’s choice of Uthman were based on merit, though Uthman’s favoritism toward relatives caused some unrest. The Prophet’s 23-year leadership and the subsequent Rashidun Caliphate (1-23 AH) set a model for rulers.

After the Rashidun era, human weakness and Satanic deception reintroduced hereditary rule, making governance a privilege of specific families rather than the deserving. This led to unqualified rulers, forcing people to endure hardships to remove them. Frustrated, some turned to modern democracies like those in France and the USA, which, while appealing, are not ideal. Islam’s proposed system, a blend of personal leadership and democratic principles, was exemplified in the Rashidun Caliphate. A leader is chosen through collective agreement, guided by Quran and Sunnah, ensuring the most qualified person governs. The ruler enforces divine laws, can be corrected if erring, but is obeyed in lawful matters. This system avoids the excesses of pure democracy, which undermines spirituality and morality, and hereditary rule, which elevates the unworthy.