Geography is closely tied to history, and modern histories often include it. Biographers of the Prophet included Arabia’s geography for context. However, a concise Islamic history covering the entire Muslim world makes extensive geographical inclusion challenging. I assume readers have access to maps, but I plan to include relevant maps where necessary. Details of pre-Islamic Arabia, its tribes, and customs are kept brief. For the Prophet’s life, I prioritize Hadith over historical texts, using sources like Al-Tabari, Ibn al-Athir, Al-Masudi, Abu al-Fida, Ibn Khaldun, and As-Suyuti to compile a reliable summary. Post-Abbasid decline, regional Islamic histories are drawn from contemporary sources, occasionally referencing Christian historians for corroboration, though their works are less reliable due to their casual approach to accuracy.